HUMAN RIGHTS AND COUNTERACTION OF TERRORISM IN THE NETHERLANDS 

Romanovskiy Georgiy Borisovich, Doctor of juridical sciences, professor, head of the sub-department of criminal law, Penza State University (40 Krasnaya street, Penza, Russia), E-mail: vlad93@sura.ru 

343.326 

10.21685/2072-3016-2019-1-6 

Background. Countering terrorism is a global threat, which reinforces the relevance of comparative research. Studying the experience of the Netherlands in the fight against terrorist threats is of particular importance, since this country shows a low crime rate, a combination of a high standard of protection of human rights and the presence of sufficiently repressive possibilities for law enforcement. The Dutch experience can be sought in Russian law enforcement practice. Objective – of the work is to conduct a comparative legal study of the legislation of the Netherlands in the field of countering terrorism, to identify the limits of human rights restrictions in the implementation of preventive measures in this area.
Materials and methods. The research tasks were solved thanks to the scientific analysis of a wide range of sources devoted to the problems of countering terrorism in Holland. As a research method, first of all, it was used comparative-legal, which allowed to conduct studies of foreign normative and doctrinal sources.
Results. A general conclusion is presented on the use by the public authorities of the Netherlands of a wide range of forms of countering terrorist threats. This takes into account the foreign experience of introducing restrictive measures aimed at preventing terrorist attacks.
Conclusions. The article states that the Netherlands, despite the low level of terrorist threats, is constantly improving its legislation in the field of countering terrorism. At the same time he uses tough forms of restriction of human rights, which have been tested in other European Union countries (Great Britain and France). 

human rights, the Netherlands, countering terrorism, restrictions, criminal liability, administrative measures 

1. Andreeva G. N., Belousova O. V., Vlasov I. S. et al. Sravnitel'noe pravovedenie: natsional'nye pravovye sistemy. Pravovye sistemy Zapadnoy Evropy [Comparative law: national legal systems. Legal systems of Western Europe]. Moscow: IZiSP, KONTRAKT, 2012, vol. 2, 768 p. [In Russian]
2. Tolmachev V. E. Ombudsmen [Ombudsman]. 2012, no. 2, pp. 51–55. [In Russian]
3. Rykhtik M. I. Migratsionnoe pravo [Migration law]. 2008, no. 3, pp. 40–44. [In Russian]
4. Evans-Pritchard A., Clements J. The telegraph. 2003, 28 Mar. Available at:
https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/netherlands/1425944/Fortuyn-killed-to-protect-Muslims.html
5. Beyker M. Gollandiya skorbit po ubitomu rezhisseru [Holland mourns over killed director]. Available at:
http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/russian/news/newsid_3977000/3977293.stm [In Russian]
6. Wet van 24 juni 2004 tot wijziging en aanvulling van het Wetboek van Strafrecht en enige andere wetten in verband met terroristische misdrijven (Wet terroristische misdrijven) [Law of 24th of June 2004 amending and supplementing the Criminal Code and any other laws relating to terrorist crimes (Terrorist Crimes Act)]. Available at: https://zoek.officielebekendmakingen.nl/stb-2004-290.html
7. Wetboek van Strafrecht [Criminal law]. Available at: https://wetten.overheid.nl/BWBR0001854/2019-01-01
8. Kislukhin V. A., Makarov A. N. Lex Russica. 2011, no. 1, pp. 114–133. [In Russian]
9. NCTV. Available at: https://www.nctv.nl/
10. Prevention of Terrorism Act 2005. Available at: http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2005/2/pdfs/ukpga_20050002_en.pdf
11. Terrorism Prevention and Investigation Measures Act 2011. Available at:
http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2011/23/pdfs/ukpga_20110023_en.pdf
12. Bezrukova O. V., Kapitonova E. A., Kuleshova G. P. et al. Terrorizm, prava cheloveka i demokraticheskie tsennosti v Rossii i za rubezhom [Terrorism, human rights and democratic values in Russia and abroad]. Moscow: Yurlitinform, 2019, 232 p. [In Russian]
13. Bezrukova O. V., Kapitonova E. A., Kuleshova G. P. et al. Terrorizm i sovremennoe pravo: aktual'nye voprosy protivodeystviya: monografiya [Terrorism and modern law: current issues of opposition: monograph]. Moscow: Prospekt, 2018, 176 p. [In Russian]
14. CommHR/NM/sf 045-2016. Available at: https://rm.coe.int/ref/CommDH(2016)40
15. The comments of the Dutch authorities to the letter. Available at: https://rm.coe.int/ref/CommDH/GovRep(2016)25
16. Nationale Contraterrorismestrategie 2016–2020. Available at: https://www.rijksoverheid.nl/onderwerpen/terrorisme-en-nationale-veiligheid/documenten/rapporten/2016/07/11/tk-bijlage-nationale-contraterrorismestrategie-2016-2020
17. Tijdelijke wet bestuurlijke maatregelen terrorismebestrijding [Temporary Act on administrative measures to combat terrorism]. Available at: https://wetten.overheid.nl/BWBR0039210/2017-03-01
18. Anderson D. Independent Reviewer of Terrorism Legislation. March. 2014. Available at:
http://www.statewatch.org/news/2015/mar/uk-indep-rev-tpim-report.pdf
19. Donald A., Gordon J., Leach Ph. The UK and the European Court of Human Rights. Available at:
https://www.equalityhumanrights.com/sites/default/files/83._european_court_of_human_rights.pdf
20. Tijdelijke wet bestuurlijke maatregelen terrorismebestrijding [Temporary Act on administrative measures to combat terrorism]. Available at: https://vng.nl/files/vng/factsheet_twbmt_-_finale_versie_april_2017.pdf
21. Besluit Ministerie van Justitie en Veiligheid 2 mart 2017, nr. 2050307 [Ministry of Justice and Security Decree 2nd of March 2017, № 2050307]. Available at: https://zoek.officielebekendmakingen.nl/stcrt-2017-13023.html
22. Aanpak terrorisme vooral symptoombestrijding [Tackle terrorism especially symptom control]. Available at:
https://www.mensenrechten.nl/nl/nieuws/aanpak-terrorismevooral-symptoombestrijding
23. Amnesty International. Public Statement. Available at:
https://www.amnesty.org/download/Documents/EUR3554322017ENGLISH.pdf
24. Rijkswet op het Nederlanderschap [Dutch Nationality Act]. Available at: https://wetten.overheid.nl/BWBR0003738/2017-03-01
25. Parsons V. What do we know about citizenship stripping?. Available at: https://www.thebureauinvestigates.com/stories/2014-12-10/what-do-we-know-about-citizenship-stripping
26. Mamasakhlisi N. M. Konstitutsionnoe i munitsipal'noe pravo [Constitutional and municipal law]. 2017, no. 11, pp. 18–22. [In Russian]
27. Boutin V. Administrative Measures against Foreign Fighters: In Search of Limits and Safeguards. Available at: https://icct.nl/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/ICCT-Boutin-Administrative-Measures-December2016-1.pdf
28. De Graaf V. Justitiële verkenningen. Terrorisme- en radicaliseringsstudies [Judicial investigations. Terrorism and radicalization studies]. 2017, no. 3. Available at: https://www.wodc.nl/binaries/JV1703_Interactief_tcm28-276089.pdf
29. Eijkman Q., Schuurman B. Preventive Counter-Terrorism and Non-Discrimination in the European Union: A Call for Systematic Evaluation. Available at: https://icct.nl/download/file/ICCT-Eijkman-Preventative-CT-and-Non-Discrimination-EU-July-2011.pdf
30. Bal M., van den Bos K. Justitiële verkenningen. Terrorisme- en radicaliseringsstudies [Judicial investigations. Terrorism and radicalization studies]. 2017, no. 3. Available at:https://www.wodc.nl/binaries/JV1703_Interactief_tcm28-276089.pdf
31. Preventing and countering youth radicalisation in the EU. Available at:
http://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/etudes/join/2014/509977/IPOL-LIBE_ET%282014%29509977_EN.pdf